Symphony No. 9

  Dmitri Shostakovich precisely recorded the total time taken to finish the score of the Ninth Symphony in his manuscript, in which he entered the date when work on the first movement began and the dates when all the movements were completed. He began the first movement on 2 August and finished it on 5 August in Moscow, then composed the next three movements at the Composers’ House in Ivanovo, whereby he finished the second movement on 12 August, the third on 20 August, and the fourth on 21 August. The last page of the author’s manuscript of the score bears the inscription: “D. Shostakovich 30 VIII 1945 Moscow.”
  Thus, it took Shostakovich about one month to write the score for his shortest symphony.
  Final polishing of the score continued right up until the premiere of the symphony. During rehearsals, the composer clarified certain details and removed small inaccuracies in the script.
  Meanwhile, the USSR Musical Foundation began preparing the first, collotyped edition of the score of the Ninth Symphony even before its premiere. Since news of the new symphony rapidly spread around the world, the All-Union Society of International Cultural Relations (VOKS) began receiving requests for its performance. Shostakovich objected to sending out the Musical Foundation edition of the score before the premiere.
  The collotyped edition of the score was published on 15 December 1945, but when the small number of copies came out, it transpired that the metronome marks were missing. On 1 April 1946, Shostakovich finished correcting the new edition of the symphony, as prepared by the State Music Publishing House, and demanded a second proof-reading. On 4 June, this edition was sent to the press.
  The premiere of the Ninth Symphony was held on 3 November 1945; it was performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra in the Grand Hall of the Leningrad Philharmonic with Yevgeni Mravinsky as conductor. The symphony was first performed in Moscow on 20 November 1945 in the Grand Hall of the Moscow Conservatory by the USSR State Symphony Orchestra, also under the baton of Mravinsky.
  Shostakovich highly praised the Moscow performance. “My Ninth Symphony is very difficult to perform,” he wrote. “But from the very first rehearsals, the orchestra dealt easily with all the technical difficulties and achieved a high level of artistry and expressiveness. This symphony also has a number of solos, there are big solos for all the woodwind instruments, the trumpet, the trombones, and the violin. These solos should be free, expressive, and light.”
  The Ninth Symphony was not retained in Mravinsky’s repertoire, but immediately after the premiere, it was actively performed by other conductors; in particular, Alexander Gauk played it as early as January 1946 with the All-Union Radio Orchestra.
  The Soviet premiere was followed by performances of the symphony abroad, in Prague (conductor Rafael Kubelik), Paris (Manuel Rosenthal), London (Basil Cameron), Vienna (Josef Krips), Berlin (Manuel Rosenthal), and others.
  In the US, the Boston Symphony Orchestra received the honour of performing the Ninth Symphony with Serge Koussevitzky as conductor. Koussevitzky invited Shostakovich to the premiere. Shostakovich did not make this trip to America. The Ninth Symphony was first performed in the US on 25 July 1946 at the Berkshire Festival in Tanglewood by the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Serge Koussevitzky (the concert programme also included movements from Pictures from an Exhibition by Modest Musorgsky, as instrumented by Ravel, and Beethoven’s Third (Heroic) Symphony. On 27 and 28 July, the same concert programme was performed again.
  Koussevitzky sent Shostakovich a test recording of the symphony. The conductor apparently used the above-mentioned first (collotyped) edition of the score without metronome marks. As a result, his tempos differed greatly from the author’s, and the symphony performance lasted 28 minutes instead of 22. Shostakovich objected to publication of this recording, and Koussevitzky made a new one.
  Later, recordings of the Ninth Symphony were made by many well-known conductors, including Karel Ančerl, Leonard Bernstein, Kirill Kondrashin, Efrem Kurtz, David Oistrakh, Gennadi Rozhdestvensky, Manuel Rosenthal, Mstislav Rostropovich, Yevgeni Svetlanov, Bernard Haitink, Sergiu Celibidache, and Sir Georg Solti.